Hi Marnie, Australia also has two tier system - a socialised health system (Medicare) which covers all residents for treatment in public hospitals and also provides refunds which cover all/most/some cost of consultations for general practitioners, medical imaging, pathology, psychology, most medical specialists etc etc. A large number of our hospitals are public, but increasing numbers of private hospitals are springing up too. Medicare is funded through the taxation system but, if you don't earn enough to pay income tax, you are still covered by the system. Of course, the pressures on the health system are increasing and many people who are in the financial position opt to take out private health insurance (roughly $100 a month for a single, and double that for families). This also covers you for the majority of cost of treatment in a private hospital and also gives you the option of a private room and your own choice of doctor in a public hospital. Downside is there are out of pocket costs when you opt to be treated as a private patient patient in a public hospital. Lap banding is, in theory, available in the public system but many hospitals have closed the waiting lists for the procedure as the list is so long. In reality, most lapbanding is done in the private hospital system - depending on your insurer you are usually out of pocket about $3000 or you fund the whole lot yourself for around $13-15000. The out of pocket costs come about as most surgeons / anaesthetists etc charge what the Australian Medical Association recommends and Medicare and the private insurers all base their refunds on what the Government call the Standard Fee (Of ourse, there is a discrepancy between the two!)
Our private insurance system is fairly transparent in that you know when you take a particular policy with any given insurer what you are and are not covered for (provided you ask the questions) - you can opt for a lesser coverage and then not be covered for orthodontics or joint replacement surgery etc etc. Only around 40% of Australians have private health insurance and a lot of them opt to be treated as a Medicare patient in public hospitals a lot of the time. The Medicare system still provides the same level of rebate wheIf you were turning up at your local hospital's Accident and Emergency department you would receive essentially the same treatment regardless of whether you did or did not have private insurance. If you needed surgery, you may have more options with private insurance. Our system is not perfect but its pretty good compared to many countries. Enough! - its nice that you are interested in health systems in place around the world. I hope this makes some sense.